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Apple’s Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard security enhanced with 64-bit goodness
Friday, January 16, 2009 - 12:50 PM EST

"The move to 64-bits in Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard will enhance Apple's efforts to secure its operating system," Prince McLean reports for AppleInsider.

"In addition to expanded sandboxing, the move to 64-bit computing will provide a series of other benefits related to security. Apple's 64-bit binaries set all writable memory as non-executable by default, including thread stacks, the heap, and any other writable data segments," McLean reports.

"This is already present to an extent in today's Leopard Server, which runs some services, such as the Apache web server, as 64-bit processes," McLean reports. "Using the vmmap command reveals that no memory allocated by these 64-bit apps is both writable and executable. On 32-bit Intel systems, while no memory is marked as both writable and executable, the legacy x86 processor design does not enforce the permissions bits, but 64-bit CPUs do. This feature prevents exploits from injecting malicious executable code into memory and tricking the app to run it as it if were its own instructions."

"The move to 64-bits also greatly enhances the Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) techniques used to secure Leopard. Currently, 32-bit binaries are restricted to a relatively small 4GB allocation, making it easier to predict useful addresses for malicious code to target. Additionally, Leopard keeps dyld, Mac OS X's dynamic loader (responsible for loading all of the frameworks, dylibs, and bundles needed by a process) in the same known location, making it relatively trivial to bypass the existing ASLR," McLean reports. "With the much larger address space available to 64-bit binaries, Snow Leopard's ASLR will make it possible to hide the location of loaded code like a needle in a haystack, thwarting the efforts of malicious attackers to maintain predictable targets for controlling the code and data loaded into memory."

Full article here.

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Jan 16, 09 - 12:57 pm Comment from: G4Dualie

I feel safer already...

Jan 16, 09 - 12:59 pm Comment from: Hu?

...well I feel dumber since I don't understand what the hell he's talking about!! lol

Jan 16, 09 - 01:03 pm Comment from: Jubei

@Hu?

Translation: It's way safer than Windows in whatever BS flavor MS is selling version to the clueless Windows zombies.

Jan 16, 09 - 01:04 pm Comment from: doc

Cool!

What it means:

Think of is as no one being able to alter your term paper or a quarterly report AFTER you have turned the documents in where in the past someone could alter docs after they were turned in.

Jan 16, 09 - 01:22 pm Comment from: wannabe

For those who want an explanation --

Breaking security frequently involves tricking some program into writing your code into its own memory space. Say you have a login program that isn't too finicky about checking how long the user name is... if you give it a name that's too long, it could bust out of the space allocated for it and start to overwrite part of the login program itself. Turn that into a carefully crafted string which is really a miniature program, and boom, you're in.

Careful coding can prevent this stuff but most real-world programs have bugs, some of them serious. When programs crash they often go a bit haywire, and provide an opening for those who carefully study exactly what happens to try and manipulate the results. So in addition to improving code, it's often helpful to make some rules and enforce them in hardware. Rules like "this memory space is my program's code, so don't let me write there -- and this is where my data goes, so don't let me execute in there."

It helps further to move things around so that the malicious miniature programs have a tough time figuring out what's what even if they do manage to run. In 64-bit you'd have a huge address space to try to scan for something that looks like a useful library routine.

Jan 16, 09 - 01:57 pm Comment from: dogadoga

All you guys are funny!

Jan 16, 09 - 02:14 pm Comment from: iLuvMyMacs

/* Think of is as no one being able to alter your term paper or a quarterly report AFTER you have turned the documents in where in the past someone could alter docs after they were turned in. */

So in essence- if program code is loaded whether it be a full featured app or daemon- there are protection bits to prevent them from being swapped / altered while in memory. I think?

Jan 16, 09 - 02:58 pm Comment from: G4Dualie

Picture a homeless guy walking around Manhattan jiggling door knobs. He might find a few around the wharf but he's not going to strike it rich dumpster diving.

smile

Jan 16, 09 - 03:22 pm Comment from: Sum Jung Gai

It means that if you hit on that blonde barmaid, Mandy, you might get some action tonight but tomorrow that drunk is not even going to remember who you are so you are going to have to start all over again. The alcohol is ASLR, and Mandy is not executable. Don't overthink this, people. Her trouble is she is too easy when she's drunk, and she overcompensates when she's sober by tightening up like Bubba's cellmate's sphincter on prison movie night. At least she can be counted on for a generous pour though. Anyway, bottom line, the system will be snappier because you won't be running Norton. And your life will be easier because you can just move on, stop wasting the energy on Mandy, and pick up a nice aerobics instructor at the gym.

I think you all know what I'm saying.

Jan 16, 09 - 03:24 pm Comment from: Your Mom Bluray

I feel safer and snappier....

Jan 16, 09 - 05:17 pm Comment from: iLuvMyMacs

/* ...if you hit on that blonde barmaid, Mandy, you might get some action tonight..." */

Good enough for me.

Jan 16, 09 - 08:33 pm Comment from: 84 Mac Guy

Great article. Any Mac fan who has to argue with Windows nuts about security should read it.

Jan 16, 09 - 09:59 pm Comment from: Hm...

And it blends, too!

Jan 17, 09 - 05:26 am Comment from: MacSheikh

@ Sum Jung Gai

Finally! I was waiting to see who'd be the first to say "snappier". grin

Jan 17, 09 - 01:13 pm Comment from: BC Kelly

To Sam Jung Gal


Damn interesting analogy

Glad we have someone around who can take a very difficult subject

And put it in terms easily understood by the average MDN reader



cool smile





BC

Jan 18, 09 - 02:06 pm Comment from: Sleepy

...sooooo.. what does this mean for the Core Duo macs that aren't 64 bit but runs 32-bits... my core duo macbook pro runs like a dream.. but it seems like i'm screwed now in terms of enjoying snow leopard.. thanx apple!.. preciate it!!

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